Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikipedia. The constitution was adopted in 1979 and amended in 1989, was restored. Soft power in the constitution of the islamic republic of iran. Iran is as committed to exporting the islamic revolution today as it was in 1979. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran persian. Irans historic drop in fertility irans provision of modern contraception stretches back to the government of shah mohammed reza pahlavi. Constitution of the islamic republic encyclopaedia iranica. Khomeinis concept of velayatefaqih rule by a supreme islamic jurisprudent, or supreme leader was enshrined in the constitution that was adopted in a public referendum in december 1979 and amended in 1989. Iran nuclear accord speech at the national constitution center delivered 2 september 2015, philadelphia, pa authenticity certified. Iran also had lesser contact with the european world, for despite great rivalry over iran among english, french, and russian imperial powers for influence and control, iran was never formally colonized. Text version below transcribed directly from audio dick, thank you so much for a generous introduction. Khatami swept 1997 iranian elections on a platform of reform and openness. Since the 1979 revolution, many mem bers of minority religious communities have been arrested or executed, or have fled in fear of persecution.
We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that men might conduct themselves with fairness. Iran focused at its first priority, the safeguarding of its territorial integrity and concentrated on enhancing the alliance with britain and usa5. In the iranian constitution of 1979 said saffari in the course of recreating a new constitution for the islamic republic of iran, there were a number of crucial debates concerning legitimacy, represen tation, concepts of democracy, and the relations between temporal and reli gious power. Exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the. From 1947 to 1953 iran tried to create its own economical and political path, showing a. The legitimation of the clergys right to rule in the. This section contains all the modern state constitutions of iran, starting with 1906. Apr 20, 2014 womens empowerment can be defined as a change in the circumstances of a womans life, which enables her to raise her capacity to manage more enriched and rewarding life. The iranian constitution was adopted on 24 october 1979, and was the effective law of the country as of 3 december of that same year. Adopted october 24, 1979 article 1 the form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding 75 minute read adopted october 24, 1979. He was the president of iran from 1981 to 1989 and succeeded ayatollah khomeini after his death in 1989 as the supreme leader of iran. The above quotations lie in the preamble of the iranian constitution and outline the spirit of the constitution and the religious concentration of those who have inspired it.
Adamiyat, andishehhayi mirza aqa khan kermani the ideas of mirza aqa. In the course of recreating a new constitution for the islamic republic of. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran adopted. The constitution was then ratified in a referendum held during december 23, 1979. During the revolution of 1979 a new constitution was promulgated. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social.
Official documents, correspondence, and texts, as well as textbooks, must be in this. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 december 1979, and went into force replacing the constitution of 1906. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic principles and norms, which represent an honest aspiration of the islamic ummah. The people of iran regardless of ethnic and tribal origin enjoy equal rights.
The constitution of islamic republic of iran in the name of god, the compassionate, the merciful. Ap comparative government iran study guide 50 terms. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. However, one can argue about the fairness of the theocratic regime and of. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran is a declaration of the social, cultural, political. The form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding belief in the sovereignty of truth and quranic justice, in the referendum of farvardin 9 and 10 in the year 58 of the solar islamic calendar, corresponding to jamadi alawwal 1 and 2 in the year 99 of. Iran s historic drop in fertility iran s provision of modern contraception stretches back to the government of shah mohammed reza pahlavi. Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini 1979 1989 ayatollah ali khamenei since 1989 the most important figure in the iranian political system is the valiye faqih, an expert in religious law, who is referred to in the constitution as the supreme leader rahbar of the islamic revolution. Rather, in many ways a constitution is an expression of the values, needs, and desires of a particular community. The 21 and 22 of bahman 57 12 and february 1979 were the days of the collapse of the monarchic system when domestic tyranny, and the foreign dominance that relied on it, were crushed. The constitution, having regard to the islamic contents of the iranian revolution, which was a movement for the victory of all the oppressed over the arrogant, provides a basis for the continuation of that revolution both inside and outside the country. Article 12 of the iranian constitution ic of 15 november 1979, including the amendments of 28 july 1989, official gazette ruznameye. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with amendments. The constitution notes that the islamic revolution reflects.
Iran s linguistic isolation relative to the rest of the arab world, and to the fact that shii was never a part of the ottoman world. Color, race, language, and the like will not be cause for privilege. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. February 1, 1979, and, on february 11, 1979, he declared an islamic republic of iran. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran 1979 as last amended on july 28, 1989 external. Flawed reforms irans new code of criminal procedure amnesty international 9 1. The islamic consultative assembly iran s legislative body, the islamic consultative assembly is analogous to the united states congress. May 16, 2017 exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the mahdis return track persia may 16, 2017 apocalypticism within the twelver sect of shiism is the most important component of the the shiite apocalyptic tradition because it is fundamentally associated with the notion of the twelfth, or hidden, imamsomething that is absent. Constitution of iran constitutional background the former monarchy and the constitution of 1906 were abolished by the revolution of february 1979. Ciardp80t00942a0006000700020 25x1 approved for release 20020509 the iranian constitution the demands ollranian political and religious opposi tion leaders that the shah return. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran foundation for. Since the 1979 islamic revolution, the legal code, previously based primarily on secular civil law, has become deeply intertwined with islamic law sharia.
The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan. Constitution of the islamic republic encyclopaedia. The iranian revolution, past, present and future iran chamber. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikisource. A constitutional referendum was held in iran on 2 and 3 december 1979. The public remarks of iranian leaders indicate that tehran has been consistently committed to spreading its ideology beyond iran s borders since 1979. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society on the basis of islamic principles and norms, which represent the earnest aspiration of the islamic ummah. Iran, may 2008 3 in november 1979, students affiliated with the latter group occupied the u. The form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding belief in the sovereignty of truth and quranic justice, in the referendum of farvardin 9 and 10 in the year 58 of the solar islamic calendar, corresponding to jamadi alawwal 1 and 2 in the year 99 of the lunar islamic calendar march 29 and 30.
The form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding belief in the sovereignty of truth and koranic justice, in the referendum of 29 and 30 march 1979, through the affirmative vote of a majority of 98. Exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the mahdis return track persia may 16, 2017 apocalypticism within the twelver sect of shiism is the most important component of the the shiite apocalyptic tradition because it is fundamentally associated with the notion of the twelfth, or hidden, imamsomething that is absent. At the head of both the state and oversight institutions is a ranking cleric known as the rahbar, or. Latin america has become a base for irans asymmetric. Preamble to the 1979 iranian constitution hanover college. The form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding belief in the sovereignty of truth and quranic justice, in the referendum of farwardin 9 and 10 in the year 58 of the solar islamic calendar, corresponding to jamadialawwal 1 and 2 in the year 99 of the lunar. Iran s 1906 constitution constitution and its supplement the fundamental law of persia promulgated in the reign of the late muzaffaruddin shah and ratified by him on dhulqada 14, a. The socioeconomic transformation of iran strengthened and created new bonds between societies in iran, while at the same time resistance and the. It delegates power to a religious leader, originally the ayatollah khomeini, to be chosen by elected representatives. For instance, article 19 of the constitution states. The relation between international law, islamic law and.
Ill say more about it, but i want to say good morning to all of you here. Ciardp80t00942a0006000700020 25x1 approved for release 20020509 the iranian constitution the demands ollranian political and religious opposi tion leaders that the shah. Preamble to the 1979 iranian constitution original electronic texts at the international constitutional law web site. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political and economic institutions of the people of iran, based on islamic principles and rules, and reflecting the fundamental desires of the islamic people. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and. Institutionalizing the revolution the institutions of the islamic republic abridged version of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran. In the islamic republic of iran, during the absence.
Freedom of expression and association in the kurdish. The 1979 constitution dates 24 oct 1979 and is in force since 3 dec 1979. Irans legal system has gone through multiple changes and iterations over the past century. Adamiyat, fekri azadi va moqadimehyi nahzati mashrutiyati iran the concept of liberty and the beginnings of the constitutional movement in iran tehran, i96i.
The iranian political elite, state and society relations, and foreign. The history behind the iranian constitution a constitution is not merely a document, nor a set of laws. It is based on velayate faqih, or the rule of the islamic. Islamic republic of irans strategic culture and national. A copy of the iranian constitution may be obtained from the iran analytic center, telephone confidential rp 791 january 1979 approved for release 20020509. Between the establishment of the islamic republic of iran and the final ratification of the constitution, the iranian debate centered on two fundamental issues in particular. Exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the mahdi. This aspiration was exemplified by the nature of the great islamic revolution of iran, and by the. Bidariyi iranian the history of the iranian awakening, vol. Improvement in womens empowerment is a salient issue to achieve the millennium development goals. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran unlv faculty sites. The constitution of 1979 was created by a directly elected 73man assembly of clerics called the. Bahman 21 and 22, 57 february 12 and, 1979 witnessed the collapse of the.
These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ace for any give topic of interest weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. The legitimation of the clergys right to rule in the iranian. For instance, it protects the right to liberty by stating, no one shall be arrested except by the order and. Irans 1906 constitution foundation for iranian studies. The head of state, ayatollah ali khamenei, is the supreme leader of the. Constitutions and constitutional debates iran data portal. On 12 and february 1979, the world witnessed the collapse of the. Significant amendments were adopted on 28 july 1989. Errand abrahamian the causes of the constitutional.
We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that. The countrys 1979 constitution put into place a mixed system of government, in which the executive, parliament, and judiciary are overseen by several bodies dominated by the clergy. First, the major procedural question was the ratification method of the constitution. The supplement motammem to the constitution qanune asasi, lit. The iranian revolution past, present and future brought the safavids into direct conflict with the ottoman empire and led to two centuries of intermittent warfare between those two powerful states. Iran s soft power resources were drawn to this rule. Irans presence in latin america is an imminent threat to peace and political stability in the western hemisphere because its forces interact with latin americas deeply rooted revolutionary ideology and various wellintentioned but flawed liberation theology social movements. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran proclaims the twelver shii jaafari school of islam to be the official religion of the country. The constitution has been called a hybrid of theocratic and democratic elements.
With this great victory, the rise of the islamic government that was the long. Iran s constitution of 1979 differed from the constitution of 1909 because it 1979 put more emphasis on. The 1979 constitution enshrines various provisions pertaining to the right to a fair trial. A pledge to exporting the revolution is enshrined in iran s constitution. Library of congress federal research division country profile.
The iranian revolution opened a new chapter in the history of mass popular revolutions in the world. The 270 member assembly is endowed with many of the same powersit is the main lawmaking body of the country. All laws and regulations, including the constitution itself, must be based on islamic criteria. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran department of justice. Iran nuclear accord speech at the national constitution center.
Nominally directed by the shahs sister, ashraf pahlavi, irans first family planning program was established in 1966. December 1979 iranian constitutional referendum wikipedia. A excerpts from congressional briefing by iran human rights and democracy. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. During the discussions in the assembly of experts and. At the end of world war ii, the soviet influence inside iran was really limited. Iran is a unitary islamic republic with one legislative house. National laws are influential factors in promoting womens empowerment. Iran s 1979 constitution attempted to bring together these two notions of republican governance and religious authority. This aspiration was exemplified by the nature of the great islamic revolution of iran. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural.